Where \ alpha is a parameter, c _ \ mathrm { y } is the value of c when the plastic strain is zero ( also called the "'initial cohesion yield stress "'), \ psi is the angle made by the yield surface in the "'Rendulic plane "'at high values of p ( this angle is also called the "'dilation angle "'), and G ( \ phi, \ theta ) is an appropriate function that is also smooth in the deviatoric stress plane.
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